Define the terms topic , rhetorical purpo
Please answer the questions with information you learned from the chapter. Make sure you elaborate on your answer, illustration that you have understanding of the chapter. You should have a paragraph for each question.
1. Define the terms topic , rhetorical purpose and thesis and give examples of each.
2. Explain the three major speech sections (introduction, body and conclusion). Justify why the speech should be written" out of order" (body, introduction and conclusion).
3. Apply the of canons Cicero to what we know about Martin Luther King Jr's "I have a Dream " speech. How did he demonstrate each key step in Cicero's approach to preparation (The book refers to MLK speech )?
DEVELOPING YOUR FIRST SPEECH
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Why Prepare?
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation (1 of 6)
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation (2 of 6)
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
- Invention: generation of ideas for use in speech
- Generate many ideas
- Ideas serve a purpose
- Ideas are adapted to audience
- Ideas based on topic, purpose, supporting evidence
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
Arrangement: structuring of ideas to convey them effectively
Most speeches have three parts:
- Introduction, body, conclusion
Arrange ideas to be clear and memorable
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
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EXPLAIN WHAT HAS CHANGED ABOUT HOW WE NOW USE THE FIVE CLASSICAL CANONS—INVENTION, ARRANGEMENT, STYLE, MEMORY, AND DELIVERY. PRESENT AN ASPECT OF EACH CANON THAT WE STILL RETAIN TODAY.
- Analyze your audience
- Audience analysis: learning interests, backgrounds to create specialized speech
- What is important about audience analysis?
- Why should it be one of your first considerations when inventing your speech?
- What questions would you ask your classmates if you were allowed to survey them before delivering your first speech?
- How would you use this information?
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- Select your topic
- Topic: subject you will address in speech
- Choose topic
that interests you
- Avoid overused
topics
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- Determine your speech’s rhetorical purpose
- Rhetorical purpose: speech’s main goal
- Speeches typically have one of three objectives to focus content:
- Informing, persuading, marking special occasion
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Brainstorming: quickly listing every idea that comes to mind, without evaluating merits
- Develops substantial list of ideas.
- Make final topic decision later
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Create a thesis statement
- Thesis statement: states message, narrowed topic, rhetorical purpose
- Determine your main points
- Main point: major ideas to emphasize
- Each point must support thesis
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Develop supporting materials
- Supporting materials: bolster, flesh out claims made in main points
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Organize, outline body of speech
- Outline: Text of speech in complete sentences or briefer phrases
- The three major parts of an outline are the
- Introduction, body (core of your speech), conclusion
- Create two to five main points, numbered with roman numeral
- Develop subpoints for each main point
- Subpoints explain, prove, expand on main points
- Follow rules of subordination
- Main points relate to specific purpose
- Subpoints relate to their main points
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (8 of 19)
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Generic sample of subordination:
- Main Point 1
- Subpoint
- Subpoint
- Sub-subpoint
- Sub-subpoint
- Main Point 2
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Conclusion: summarizes what you said
- -Leaves audience with memorable impression
- Two main parts:
- Summary of main points
- Clincher (vivid closing)
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
- Consider your word choice
- Word choice (diction) makes speech more memorable, engaging
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (15 of 19)
- Consider presentation aids
- Presentation aid: anything that audience members can see, hear
- Helps them understand, remember message
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
- Traditional presentation aids include
- Actual objects or models
- Video, audio recordings, drawings, photographs
- Charts, maps, graphs, PowerPoint
- Presentation aids must support your developing point
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (17 of 19)
- Practice your speech
- Extemporaneous delivery: Using only notes, rather than reading speech word-for-word
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (18 of 19)
- Mediated presentation
- Transmitted through mechanical or electronic medium
- Practice with technology and camera operation you will use
- Play speech back to see needed adjustments
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
- Deliver your speech
- Project your voice
- Maintain even rate of speaking
- Convey interest in topic
- Maintain eye contact
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Speech anxiety (stage fright)
- Worry or fear before giving speech
- A little nervousness can help
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- You can learn to manage speech anxiety
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Prepare early and follow a plan
- Resist urge to procrastinate
- Reduce anxiety by being prepared
- Incorporate feedback
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Practice your speech
- With group of classmates
- With friends, family
- Through imagined interactions
- Mentally practice delivering speech to audience, picture positive interactions
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Take care of yourself
- Get enough sleep
- Avoid too much sugar, caffeine
- Manage other commitments before speech
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety (6 of 8)
- Visualize success
- Visualization: imagine yourself a resounding success
- Make visualization as specific as possible
- Visualize success
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Use relaxation techniques
- Relaxation strategies: help reduce muscle tension, negative thoughts
- Basic muscle, breathing exercises help reduce anxiety
- Plan time for enjoyable activity
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Volunteer to speak first
- Never defeat yourself.
- Do not give up
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